While governments with cash to spend-like members of the European Union-have pledged their own net-zero industrial plans and chips subsidies, Asian leaders, like Indonesian President Joko Widodo, have hinted at trade remedies to protect Asia’s budding electric vehicle industry against unfair market practices abroad. Understandably, there is some consternation over the market-distorting effects of Washington offering Beijing-style direct subsidies for those willing to bet on the Democrats’ ‘Make It in America’ agenda. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act also funnelled US$700 billion into electrification, renewable energy and digital infrastructure and has already funded 20,000 projects since 2021. ![]() The IRA is part of a broader policy agenda with the CHIPS and Science Act that provides US$280 billion in federal funding for research and the fabrication of logic and memory chips inside the United States. Despite the fractured state of US partisan politics, the Democratic Party guided the largest energy subsidy in US history into being with a new national ethos for greening the economy while tilting global competition in the United States’ favour. With those stately words, US President Joe Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) into law in August 2022. Economics, Politics and Public Policy in East Asia and the Pacific
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![]() ![]() After discussing the measure with representatives from school districts and experimenting with various methods, the DFGs were calculated using the following six variables that are closely related to SES:ġ) Percent of adults with no high school diplomaĢ) Percent of adults with some college education In updating the DFGs using data from the 2000 Decennial Census, some changes were made to improve the methodology from 1990 while preserving the underlying meaning of the DFG classification system. Since the DFGs were designed to provide an approximate measure of a community’s relative socioeconomic status (SES), the classification system provided a useful tool for examining student achievement and comparing similarly-situated school districts. However, parity remedy aid is no longer included in the school funding formula. Subsequent to the Abbott IV court ruling, the groups were used to define the school districts on which Abbott v Burke parity remedy aid would be based. Historically, the DFGs played a significant role in determining the initial group of districts that were classified as Abbott districts. This webpage describes the origin and methodology used for the current groupings. However, the School Performance Reports no longer compare districts using this measure, and no updates have been made to the DFGs since the groupings were finalized in 2004. The categories were updated twice, using the Census Bureau’s Decennial Census data from 19, respectively. The District Factor Groups (DFGs) were first developed in 1975 for the purpose of comparing students’ performance on statewide assessments across demographically similar school districts. District Factor Groups (DFG) for School Districts |
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